Nocturnal Enuresis

Overview

Bed-wetting — also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis — is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected.

Soggy sheets and pajamas — and an embarrassed child — are a familiar scene in many homes. But don't despair. Bed-wetting isn't a sign of toilet training gone bad. It's often just a normal part of a child's development.

Generally, bed-wetting before age 7 isn't a concern. At this age, your child may still be developing nighttime bladder control.

By adolescence, only 4 percent of boys and 2 percent of girls wet the bed; the figures fall to 1.5 percent and 0.5 percent by age eighteen. So you can appreciate how distressing it is to be one of those teenagers who is still experiencing urinary incontinence at night.

If bed-wetting continues, treat the problem with patience and understanding. Lifestyle changes, bladder training, moisture alarms and sometimes medication may help reduce bed-wetting.

Symptoms

Most kids are fully toilet trained by age 5, but there's really no target date for developing complete bladder control. Between the ages of 5 and 7, bed-wetting remains a problem for some children. After 7 years of age, a small number of children still wet the bed,

 

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Medicine

Overactive Bladder

Overview

Overactive bladder causes a sudden urge to urinate. The urge may be difficult to stop, and overactive bladder may lead to the involuntary loss of urine (urge incontinence).

If you have an overactive bladder, you may feel embarrassed, isolate yourself, or limit your work and social life. The good news is that a brief evaluation can determine whether there's a specific cause for your overactive bladder symptoms.

Management of overactive bladder often begins with behavioral strategies, such as fluid schedules, timed voiding and bladder-holding techniques using your pelvic floor. If these initial efforts don't help enough with your overactive bladder symptoms, medications are available.

Overactive bladder care at Mayo Clinic

Symptoms

With an overactive bladder, you may:

Feel a sudden urge to urinate that's difficult to control

Experience urge incontinence — the involuntary loss of urine immediately following an urgent need to urinate

Urinate frequently, usually eight or more times in 24 hours

Awaken two or more times in the night to urinate (nocturia)

 

 

Medicine

Polycystic Kidney

 

Overview

 

Polycystic kidney

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing fluid. The cysts vary in size, and they can grow very large. Having many cysts or large cysts can damage your kidneys.

Polycystic kidney disease also can cause cysts to develop in your liver and elsewhere in your body. The disease can cause serious complications, including high blood pressure and kidney failure.

PKD varies greatly in its severity, and some complications are preventable. Lifestyle changes and treatments might help reduce damage to your kidneys from complications.

Symptoms

Polycystic kidney disease symptoms can include:

High blood pressure,   Back or side pain,  Headache,  A feeling of fullness in your abdomen, Increased size of your abdomen due to enlarged kidneys,  Blood in your urine,

 

Medicine

Prostatitis

Prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system, and it is a walnut-sized gland found in men that is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine and semen exit the body. Its main function is to produce seminal fluid in order to transport sperm through the urethra.

Prostatitis is swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland situated directly below the bladder in men. The prostate gland produces fluid (semen) that nourishes and transports sperm.  Prostatitis affects men of all ages but tends to be more common in men 50 or younger. The condition has a number of causes. Sometimes the cause isn't identified. If prostatitis is caused by a bacterial infection, it can usually be treated with antibiotics. 

Symptoms

Painful, difficult and/or frequent urinating

Blood in the urine

Groin painrectal painabdominal pain and/or low back pain

Fever and chills

Malaise and body aches

Urethral discharge

Painful ejaculation or sexual dysfunction

Medicine

Pyelonephritis

Overview

Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels to one or both of your kidneys.

A kidney infection requires prompt medical attention. If not treated properly, a kidney infection can permanently damage your kidneys or the bacteria can spread to your bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection.

Kidney infection treatment, which usually includes antibiotics, might require hospitalization.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of a kidney infection might include:

Fever,  Chills,  Back, side (flank) or groin pain,  Abdominal pain,  Frequent urination,  Strong, persistent urge to urinate,   Burning sensation or pain when urinating,   Nausea and vomiting         Pus or blood in your urine (hematuria),   Urine that smells bad or is cloudy,

 

 

 

Medicine

Pyuria

Pyuria is a urinary condition that is characterized by an elevated number of white blood cells in the urine.

Doctors define a high number as at least 10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter (mm3) of centrifuged urine. Pyuria can cause the urine to look cloudy or as if it contains pus.

The presence of pyuria often occurs in a urinary tract infection (UTI). In rare cases, it can be a sign of a complicated UTI or sepsis.

Sterile pyuria is a form of pyuria that occurs without a detected presence of bacteria. In these cases, it may be related to non-detected bacteria, a virus or other germ type, or some other underlying medical condition.

Symptoms 

Pyuria can cause cloudy urine and urine with pus that may not be accompanied by any other symptoms. The change in color or texture is due to the increased number of white blood cells.

 symptoms may also include:

blood in urine,  foul-smelling urine,  pelvic pain,  fever,   abdominal pain,  abnormal discharge

shortness of breath,  nausea or vomiting, 

Medicine

Renal tubular

 

Renal tubular acidosis refers to the electrolytic disturbances caused due to impaired excretion of renal Hydrogen ions or impaired bicarbonate resorption or abnormal production of aldosterone. This condition leads to a chronic metabolic acidosis with a gap in an anion. Usually, hyperchloremia or excess of chlorine in blood may be present. Other features may be with electrolytes of Potassium and Calcium. Chronic renal tubular acidosis is associated with damages of renal tubules in your kidneys. If ignored or not diagnosed at the right time, this condition may lead to chronic kidney diseases. 

Without treatment, RTA can affect a child's growth and cause kidney stones, fatigue, muscle weakness, and other symptoms. Over time, untreated acidosis can lead to long-term problems like bone disease, kidney disease, and kidney failure.

 

 

 

Symptoms  

Generally, renal tubular acidosis is asymptomatic, meaning that it causes no symptoms or signs. It is rare for a severe electrolyte imbalance to happen, but in case it does, your situation could be life-threatening. Some symptoms of renal tubular acidosis are:

Nephrolithiasis or Kidney stones

Nephrocalcinosis (Calcium deposits in kidney)

Electrolyte excretion

Extracellular fluid volume depletion

Muscle weakness

Hyporeflexia

Paralysis

Bone pain in adults

Rickets in children

Cardiac arrhythmia

 

 

Medicine

Spermatorrhea

Overview

Spermatorrhea is disease of the male reproductive system. Involuntary discharge of semen is spermatorrhea. It is the leakage of semen without orgasm or erection it can happen of night. Call it night fall.

 

 

Symptoms Spermatorrhea

Pain or discomfort in the affected testicle

Heaviness in the testicle with the spermatocele

Fullness behind and above the testicle

  • Pain.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Weakness.
  • Yin Deficiency.
  • Insomnia.
  • Enuresis.
  • Premature Ejaculation.
  • Heart Palpitation.

 

 

Medicine

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